[62], In some traditions of Wicca, the Oak King is one of the two faces of the Sun God. [39], In eastern North America, rare species of oak trees include scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), chinkapin oak (Quercus muehlenbergii), and post oak (Quercus stellata). The oak also appears in the Hebrew tradition. Arame is high in calcium, iodine, iron, magnesium, and vitamin A as well as being a dietary source of many other minerals. Oak wood has a density of about 0.75 g/cm3 (0.43 oz/cu in) creating great strength and hardness. [55], The oak tree is used as a symbol by a number of political parties. The live oak is the state tree of the US state of Georgia. It is also known as the Iron Eagle. Arame (荒布, Eisenia bicyclis, syn. In spring, a single oak tree produces both male flowers (in the form of catkins) and small female flowers,[4] meaning that the trees are monoecious. Linnaeus described only five species of oak from eastern North America, based on general leaf form. Paudel, U; Lee, Y-H; Kwon, T-H; Park, N-H; Yun, B-S; Hwang, P-H; Yi, H-K (August 2014). Kappelle, M. (2006). doi:10.1111/odi.12266. Records of Quercus have been reported from Late Cretaceous deposits in North America and East Asia, however these are not considered definitive. She proceeds to inflict a range of demands on her immediate family who live in a low-end subsidized hellhole of a housing complex called Sea Oak. In a survey of the fossil record it was concluded that "pre-Paleogene, and perhaps pre-Eocene occurrences of Quercus macroremains are generally represented by poorly preserved fossils that lack critical features needed for certain identification and need to be treated with caution." 24.25–7). For example, over the past 200 years, large areas of oak forest in the highlands of Mexico, Central America and the northern Andes have been cleared for coffee plantations and cattle ranching. The genus Quercus is native to the Northern Hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Issue. The leaves are used as fodder during lean periods and as for livestock.[27][28]. Save this story for later. The exception is the domestic pig, which may be fed entirely on acorns in the right conditions, and has traditionally been pastured in oak woodlands (such as the Spanish dehesa and the English system of pannage). In the cultural arena, the oakleaf is the symbol of the National Trust (UK), The Woodland Trust, and The Royal Oak Foundation.[54]. Because they are wind pollinated and they have weak internal barriers to hybridization, hybridization produces functional seeds and fertile hybrid offspring. [59] "Tree" and drus may also be cognate with "Druid," the Celtic priest to whom the oak was sacred. North America contains the largest number of oak species, with approximately 90 occurring in the United States, while Mexico has 160 species of which 109 are endemic. In Greek mythology, the oak is the tree sacred to Zeus, king of the gods. If a member of the United States Army or Air Force earns multiple awards of the same medal, then instead of wearing a ribbon or medal for each award, he or she wears one metal representation of an "oak leaf cluster" attached to the appropriate ribbon for each subsequent award. The use of oak in wine can add gustatory dimensions depending on the type of oak. In California, oaks are affected by the fungal disease foamy bark canker. [34][35] The European pied flycatcher is an example of an animal species that often depends upon oak trees. For example, oak trees are important components of hardwood forests, and certain species are particularly known to grow in associations with members of the Ericaceae in oak–heath forests. [16][17], Frequent hybridization among oaks has consequences for oak populations around the world; most notably, hybridization has produced large populations of hybrids with copious amounts of introgression, and the evolution of new species. There are no discussions for Sea Oak. There has even been a study that shows that oaks are more likely to be struck by lightning than any other tree of the same height. [14], Interspecific hybridization is quite common among oaks, but usually between species within the same section only,[15] and most common in the white oak group. Iowa designated the oak as its official state tree in 1961; and the white oak is the state tree of Connecticut, Illinois and Maryland. "inscription") is an old, isolated oak on a hilltop or promontory, often inscribed with a cross by a parish priest. A number of species of fungus cause powdery mildew on oak species. The bark of the white oak is dried and used in medical preparations. [7] These divisions support the evolutionary diversification of oaks among two distinct clades: the "Old World" clade, including oaks that diversified mainly in Eurasia; and the "New World" clade, for oaks that diversified mainly in the Americas. In England today they remain a symbol of the nation's history, traditions, and the beauty of its countryside. [45], A new and yet little understood disease of mature oaks, acute oak decline, has been reported in parts of the UK since 2009. "The Proscribed Royalist, 1651", a famous painting by John Everett Millais, depicted a Royalist fleeing from Cromwell's forces and hidden in an oak. 1996. [50] In 2004 the Arbor Day Foundation[51] held a vote for the official National Tree of the United States of America. Wide, quarter-sawn boards of oak have been prized since the Middle Ages for use in interior panelling of prestigious buildings such as the debating chamber of the House of Commons in London and in the construction of fine furniture. Vereration of the oak survives in Serbian Orthodox Church tradition. There is a continuing threat to these forests from exploitation for timber, fuelwood and charcoal. The year preceding the mast year is thought to starve off the mammal populations feeding on the supply, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the overproduction in the mast year that follows. Lignan content in arame is noted by several sources. Tagami, Keiko. This species grows around the Mediterranean Sea, with Portugal, Spain, Algeria, and Morocco producing most of the world's supply. Oak wilt, caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum (a fungus closely related to Dutch elm disease), is also a lethal disease of some oaks, particularly the red oaks (the white oaks can be infected but generally live longer). Compelled by sheer force of dissatisfaction, she comes back from the dead full of rage, determined to get the life she never had. Oak galls were used for centuries as a main ingredient in iron gall ink for manuscripts, harvested at a specific time of year. [1] It is added to appetizers, casseroles, muffins, pilafs, soups, toasted dishes, and many other types of food. [citation needed]. Several oak trees, such as the Royal Oak in Britain and the Charter Oak in the United States, are of great historical or cultural importance.
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