FAO. Sustainability has social, environmental, and economic dimensions, thus permeating every SDG and SDG-2 indicator. Often, the development of effective policies entails multiple iterations between theory and practice. Sustainable Development Solutions Network—United Nations. An estimated 26.4 per cent of the world population, about 2 billion persons, were affected by moderate or severe food insecurity in 2018, an increase from 23.2 per cent in 2014, owing mainly to increases in food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Increased investments are needed to enhance capacity for agricultural productivity. Accessed Mar 2018. The report . The agriculture orientation index (AOI) is the agriculture share of government expenditures, divided by the agriculture share of GDP. One aspect of that effort is maintaining the genetic diversity of plants and animals, which is crucial for agriculture and food production. The FAO report, together with indicators put forward by other UN agencies, entities and regional agencies, is a contribution to discussions on a post-2015 indicator framework, now moving ahead following the first meeting of a working group of the UN Statistical Commission (UNSC), the United Nations Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDG), from 1-2 June in New York. 2015. In Nigeria, this includes high-yielding seeds, adequate rates of fertilizer, efficient irrigation, and elimination of slash-and-burn; in Brazil, practices aimed at restoring degraded lands (e.g., soil improvement through precision agriculture, minimum-tillage), enhancing on-farm diversity (e.g., crop-livestock rotation), and increasing yields in livestock systems (e.g., use of paddocks, improved grass management); in the Netherlands, reduced nitrogen/phosphorus emissions and pesticide application rates, biodiversity protection, and GHG emissions reduction. Pereira Jr., C.B.S. In providing support to United Nations Member States and other stakeholders in the post-2015 development agenda, FAO had identified targets and indicators in 14 priority themes related to its expertise and experience. We apply these indicators to three contrasting countries—the Netherlands, Brazil, and Nigeria—to explore various food-related challenges and illustrate the need for flexible indicators. This target is set for the year 2020, unlike most SDGs which have a target date of 2030. Globally, between 2000 and 2014, the percentage of children under the age of 5 who were overweight grew from 5.1 per cent to 6.1 per cent. CGIAR. In Nigeria, where most farms operate under sub-optimal socioeconomic conditions and resources are underutilized, agricultural production must be intensified in a sustainable manner. Over 90% of the agricultural output is produced by small-scale farmers and low-yielding production techniques. Lovejoy, and P.H. Mauzerall, T.D. The persistence of hunger is no longer simply a matter of food availability. Food value chain transformations in developing countries: Selected hypotheses on nutritional implications. Prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age Our review revealed weaknesses in the original UN indicators. A profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish today’s 815 million hungry and the additional 2 billion people expected by 2050. Agricultural practices based on the specificities of each country and their priority areas should be fostered, especially those contributing to multiple sustainability targets at once. Carpenter, et al. This will require sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices, equal access to land, technology and markets and international cooperation on investments in infrastructure and technology to boost agricultural productivity.

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